Understand before you invest
Plain-English guides to the concepts every investor should know. No jargon, no shortcuts — just clarity.
Valuation
What is intrinsic value?
Every stock has a price. Not every stock has a fair price. Here is how to tell the difference.
What is P/E ratio?
The most quoted number in investing — what it means, when to use it, and when to ignore it.
What is book value — and when does it matter?
Book value is what a company is worth on paper. Reality is usually more complicated — and more interesting.
What is EV/EBITDA — the ratio professionals use most
PE ratio has blind spots. EV/EBITDA fixes most of them. Here is what it means and when to use it.
DCF valuation — how it actually works
Discounted cash flow sounds complicated. We will show you the intuition behind it in 5 minutes.
Fundamentals
How to read a balance sheet
Assets, liabilities, equity — decoded in plain English. Know what a company owns, owes, and is worth.
Cash flow vs profit — what's the difference?
A company can be profitable and still run out of cash. Here's why that happens and how to spot it.
Revenue growth vs profit growth — which matters more?
A company can grow revenue and still destroy value. Here is how to read growth numbers correctly.
How much debt is too much?
Debt is not always bad. But too much of it can turn a good company into a risky one overnight.
What is dividend yield — and when should you care?
Dividends feel like free money. They are not. Here is the right way to think about them.
Promoter holding — what it tells you about a company
Who owns the company matters as much as how the company performs. Here is what to look for.
How to think about sector cycles in investing
Steel, cement, and oil go through boom-bust cycles. Understanding this changes how you read their numbers.
Quality
What is ROCE — and why it matters more than profit
Two companies can show the same profit. One is creating wealth. The other is destroying it. ROCE tells you which is which.
Economic moat — does this company have a durable edge?
Warren Buffett's favourite concept. Learn the 5 types of moats and how to identify them in Indian companies.
Piotroski F-Score explained
A simple 9-point checklist that separates financially strong companies from weak ones.
Altman Z-Score — will this company survive?
A single number that tells you how likely a company is to face financial trouble in the next two years.
Ready to apply what you learned?
Pick a company and see every metric we covered — in context.